n Umerkot and Tharparkar, women face many challenges arising from their limited control over resources and social benefits. These challenges are further compounded by the impact of heatwaves and high temperature and climate change-related issues.

Temperatures in most districts in Sindh continue to rise with heatwaves becoming more frequent and intense. In most districts, temperatures go up to 42/ 43 degrees Celsius.

While the impacts of rising temperatures affect the entire population, a combination of climate change-related issues and the unique circumstances of rural areas create challenges that disproportionately affect rural women.

Women in these rural districts bear a significant workload, even in harsh weather conditions. They balance responsibilities in both the fields and homes. Additionally, these women undertake tasks such as fetching drinking water for consumption and firewood for cooking.

Women in Umerkot have limited access to essential resources such as clean water, electricity, and healthcare. During heatwaves, this lack of access exacerbates their vulnerability, making it even more challenging for them to carry out their routine tasks. This leads to exhaustion and heat-related illnesses.

Over time, rural communities have developed local practices to cope with severe climatic conditions. These practices reflect the wisdom gained through living in harsh conditions.

In the agricultural sector, women fulfill their duties engaging in domestic work as well as taking the additional responsibility of carrying animal fodder from the fields. During hotter summer months, from April to July, these women are severely affected. Their skin bears visible effects of prolonged exposure to the sun. Consequently, they appear older.

During heatwaves, local communities practice countless local methods to cope with the extreme heat and ensure their well-being.

To maintain a refreshing water supply, community members cover their water bottles with insulating materials such as cloth or straw. This simple yet practical technique helps to prevent the water from heating up quickly, allowing them to stay hydrated with cool water throughout the day.

In the face of intense sunlight, individuals take shelter in the shade provided by trees. A dense canopy of trees acts as a natural shield against the scorching sun, offering a cooler and more comfortable environment. People gather under these tree shades to rest and socialise while minimising their exposure to direct sunlight.

Another effective way to stay cool during heatwaves is to place damp cloth on the head. This method provides immediate cooling relief from the heat. The moisture in the cloth evaporates, creating a cooling effect on the skin and lowers the body temperature.

Other practices include using hand fans, taking cold foot baths in water courses and applying cooling herbal pastes on the body. These methods have been passed down through generations and are effective in providing respite from intense heat.

Onions have cooling properties and are known to regulate body temperature. By consuming onions as part of their meals, the villagers benefit from their natural cooling effect, reducing the impact of high temperatures on their bodies.

There is a need to address the impact of intense weather patterns on women by considering the unique vulnerabilities they face in rural settings. Health facilities need to prioritise the provision of proper assistance during extreme heat events. Rural women, who are already anaemic and malnourished, are more susceptible to the adverse effects of high temperatures. Adequate access to nutritious food and support during heatwaves is essential to mitigate the risk of further health complications.

Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable during heatwaves, requiring additional attention and care. In many rural areas, the lack of reliable electricity and off-grid living conditions exacerbate the challenges faced by these women, making it imperative to develop solutions that address their unique circumstances.

Public awareness campaigns should educate communities about the potential dangers and necessary actions during extreme heat events. Providing heat-resistant infrastructure, like shaded areas and availability of clean water with the support of philanthropists, can support women and their families during heatwaves.

Also, community support networks like women self-help groups should be strengthened to ensure that vulnerable rural women have access to water, food and medical assistance during extreme weather conditions. Collaborative efforts by NGOs, government authorities and local communities are essential in developing strategies that address the unique challenges faced by rural women and other population during heatwaves.

The writer is based in Umerkot. He has over 13 years of experience in the development sector. He can be reached at shewaram@live.com