A national dialogue for unity

Attaining national unity remains a distant dream in Pakistan. Politically speaking, the nation is deeply polarized – a situation that urgently needs to be rectified to ensure stability and progress.

The last general elections have only widened this divide, largely due to allegations of manipulated election results and perceived political engineering. These accusations have led to widespread disillusionment among the electorate, further polarising political factions.

The debate surrounding constitutional reforms introduced through the 26th Amendment also continues to fuel political tensions, with different political parties interpreting the changes to suit their own narratives. The impact of these reforms is evident not only in public discourse but also in the letters and grievances expressed behind closed doors within the corridors of the superior courts.

The political climate is further intensified by the tone and tenor of letters written by PTI founder Imran Khan from Adiala Jail, where he currently remains incarcerated. His letters, filled with allegations of political victimisation and injustice, resonate with his support base, intensifying the political divide. Khan’s followers see his imprisonment as a deliberate attempt to silence dissent and manipulate the political landscape. In contrast, his opponents argue that his legal battles are a consequence of accountability and adherence to the rule of law.

Amidst this charged political atmosphere, a grand dialogue aimed at reconciliation and fostering national unity has become imperative for moving forward. This dialogue is not merely an option but a necessity to bridge the growing divide and heal the nation’s political fabric.

A grand reconciliation dialogue is essential to achieving the goal of a strong, democratic and tolerant society, which is crucial for a progressive Pakistan. The democratic fabric of the country needs to involve all segments and sects of society in decision-making. This inclusivity is necessary not only for political stability but also for sustainable economic progress. There is an urgent need for long-term economic planning to ensure continued development.

A charter of economy is crucial to reducing reliance on loans and liabilities, ultimately preventing the nation from facing economic collapse or sovereign default. An inclusive democratic political system is the panacea for societal issues and is essential for achieving genuine stability.

Pakistan’s political and economic instability is not in isolation. The world is undergoing rapid transformation due to several global dynamics, including strategic shifts introduced by US President Donald Trump and the evolving geopolitical landscape in Asia. As a nuclear power, Pakistan must remain vigilant and cautious in countering new Indian tactics, including attempts to label Pakistan as a state sponsor of terrorism – a narrative that poses significant risks to regional stability.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent visit to the US and the subsequent promise by Washington to provide India with state-of-the-art defence systems have raised serious security concerns for South Asia. This growing Indo-US defence cooperation is seen by many analysts as a strategic move to counter China’s influence in the region, but it also places Pakistan in a precarious position.

The situation along the Afghan border remains precarious due to the irresponsible attitude of the interim Afghan government. The escalating activities of the TTP are another major security challenge, as documented in a recent United Nations report. The resurgence of TTP attacks inside Pakistan not only threatens internal security but also complicates Pakistan’s diplomatic relations with Afghanistan. These geopolitical challenges necessitate a unified national front to formulate coherent and effective foreign and defence policies. In light of these challenges, fostering national unity is crucial to countering such threats. This can only be achieved by restoring public confidence in the system – a confidence that is rapidly declining due to a multitude of issues.

Today, economic security is synonymous with national security. Unfortunately, Pakistan’s economic security has always been vulnerable. The country remains heavily indebted, and economic reforms under the supervision of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are being implemented without yielding substantial results. Economic sustainability remains uncertain, with the current Extended Fund Facility (EFF) from the IMF accompanied by stringent conditions and complex policy implications.

These conditions, including tax hikes and subsidy cuts, are increasing the cost of living for the average Pakistani, leading to public frustration and discontent. Inflation remains at historically high levels, and the devaluation of the Pakistani rupee continues to erode purchasing power. These economic challenges are not just financial issues – they pose significant threats to social cohesion and national unity.

Political stability is crucial for economic stability. This can only be achieved through a system that respects the popular mandate, ensuring that the will of the people guides governance. Restoring public confidence is essential to addressing the pressing issues of security and stability.

Pakistan is currently navigating an unprecedentedly difficult phase marked by a severe resource crunch, overpopulation, widespread poverty, debt burdens, low savings, an uncompetitive industrial base, abundant yet underutilised labour, limited technological advancement and political turmoil. The country’s political landscape is marred by accusations of corruption, nepotism and power struggles, further exacerbating the economic crisis.

Political instability is the primary fault line disrupting economic security. It demands immediate attention from all stakeholders, particularly the government, to correct the current course. The establishment also has a significant role within the country’s institutional framework. Political stability is a prerequisite for economic security, as emphasised by the IMF for sustainable growth. To achieve this, personal egos must be set aside for the greater national interest. A grand national dialogue focused on upholding the supremacy of the constitution could pave the way for resolving critical national issues. This dialogue should include all political parties, state institutions, civil society, and other stakeholders to ensure a truly inclusive process.

It is an unfortunate reality that the social contract between citizens and the state, embodied in Pakistan’s constitution, is plagued by corruption and malpractice. The country's tumultuous constitutional history is marked by incidents and setbacks, including repeated violations of constitutional principles. The darkest periods were those when the social contract was torn apart by the imposition of martial law, leading to the abrogation of the constitution.

One of the most fundamental expressions of public trust in the state is the right to vote. Free and fair elections strengthen the democratic system. However, this trust is eroding in Pakistan. The general elections held in February 2024 are widely perceived as another episode where the people's aspirations were sidelined.

Pakistan urgently needs visionary leadership capable of steering the nation through these turbulent times. There is a fundamental difference between politicians and statespersons. Politicians tend to focus on short-term gains, manipulating current situations for political power. In contrast, statespersons possess long-term vision and foresight, planning decades ahead to secure the country's future. Unfortunately, statesmanship is largely absent in Pakistan, where political manoeuvring often overshadows strategic governance. This leadership vacuum must be addressed promptly for the nation’s progress.

Pakistan’s current situation demands serious introspection and reassessment for comprehensive development and national betterment. Political leaders must engage in inclusive dialogue, bringing together all key institutions and stakeholders to make long-term decisions that can guide the nation out of its present crisis.

A Truth and Reconciliation Commission, established through a grand national dialogue, could effectively address these challenges by restoring public confidence in the government and state institutions. This is the need of the hour, and it is imperative for the country’s stability and progress.

The writer is a former additional secretary and can be reached at: hassanbaig2009@gmail.com