US report shows discrimination against minorities in Pakistan, India

In its yearly report on religious freedom, '2023 International Religious Freedom Report’, the US State Department has expressed grave concerns about the treatment of religious minorities in Pakistan and India.

The report highlights the alarming circumstances that the Muslim and Christian populations in India are facing. According to the report made public on Wednesday, discrimination against the minority communities in the neighbouring country is rife.

About 20,000 Christians gathered in New Delhi in February to protest mounting violent incidents. As many as 93 former senior public officers, in a letter to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, expressed their concerns over the prevalent harassment encountered by Christians at the hands of senior politicians.

The report underscored incidents in which Muslims and Christians were nabbed under anti-conversion laws and were harassed by levelling false allegations against them.

"Christians and Muslims were arrested under laws banning forced religious conversions, which religious groups said in some cases were used to harass and imprison members of religious minority groups on false and fabricated charges or for lawful religious practices," states the report.

"In some cases, Christian groups said local police aided mobs that disrupted worship services over accusations of conversion activities or stood by while mobs attacked Christians and then arrested the victims on conversion charges."

Violent incidents against the Christian community have escalated across India. The actions and statements of BJP members often contradicted the positive statements from government officials. The Indian government has been urged to investigate and take legal action against those responsible for violence against minority groups.

"International nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) such as Human Rights Watch (HRW), however, stated that the 'actions and statements by members and supporters of his (Modi’s) BJP party [Bharatiya Janata Party] contradicted' government officials’ positive statements. They further stated that the government should investigate and prosecute those responsible for carrying out violence against members of minority groups," it states.

The National Crime Records Bureau reported 272 incidents of communal violence in 2022. Attacks on minorities, including murder and threats, occurred across various Indian states.

"Attacks on members of religious minority groups, including killings, assaults, and intimidation, occurred in various states throughout the year, including cases of “cow vigilantism” based on allegations that Muslim men were participating in cow slaughter or trade in beef," the report said.

US officials have continued to express concerns about religious freedom issues with their Indian counterparts.

329 face blasphemy charges in Pakistan

In Pakistan, the situation is equally alarming. In 2023, 329 individuals were accused of blasphemy, with 75% being Muslims, 20% Ahmadis, and 3.3% Christians.

The Federal Investigation Agency arrested 140 people over blasphemy allegations on social media, with 11 sentenced to death and two of these sentences confirmed by higher courts.

The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority reduced Wikipedia's services due to blasphemous content, and social media platforms blocked over 71,000 URLs at the government's request. In August, the Senate passed legislation increasing the penalties for blasphemy.

Violent attacks by armed sectarian groups targeted religious gatherings and buildings. These often anonymous attackers victimised members of the Hindu, Christian, Ahmadi, Sikh, Sunni, and Shia communities.

In 2023, at least 16 individuals, including seven Shias, four Sikhs, three Christians, one Hindu, and one Ahmadi, were killed because of their faith.

"On December 29, 2023, the Secretary of State redesignated Pakistan as a Country of Particular Concern (CPC) under the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, as amended, for having engaged in or tolerated severe violations of religious freedom and issued a waiver of the sanctions that accompany the designation in the national interest of the United States. Pakistan was first designated a CPC in 2018," it said.