A report published in this newspaper has revealed that the recent trial run of a firewall in the country has resulted in the noticeable slowing down of social media, sparking significant concerns about the future of internet-based businesses and the broader implications for digital rights and freedoms. The work on the firewall has been in progress since January this year, including the purchase of the system, its installation etc. While officials assure that internet traffic will return to normal once the trial concludes, the introduction and implementation of this filtering system, funded by a substantial Rs30 billion allocation, raises critical questions about government intentions and the potential long-term impact on freedom of expression.
Last month, it was reported that a national firewall was being installed on different internet service providers (ISPs) to rein in social media. By blocking or limiting the visibility of their content, the government intends to reduce the reach of social media ‘influencers’ that are seen to be going against the state narrative. The Prevention of Electronic Crime Act 2016 already provides a legal framework for addressing issues related to online misinformation. The introduction of this firewall adds another layer of control, potentially stifling free speech and dissent. This raises an alarming prospect: a state-controlled internet where the flow of information is tightly regulated, curbing the vibrant and diverse digital ecosystem that has flourished in Pakistan. Adding to the confusion, the Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) recently advertised for tenders to acquire additional firewalls, ostensibly to enhance the security of its internal systems. This separate procurement effort is claimed to be unrelated to the Rs30 billion firewall project. However, the timing and scale of these acquisitions suggest a broader, more pervasive approach to internet regulation and control.
In any civilized country, freedom of expression is guaranteed and the only limitations are related to incitement to violence, hate speech and similar concerns. Unfortunately, we have seen how incitement to violence and hate speech are ignored and no action is taken against those propagating it but laws like Peca have been weaponized to target dissident voices instead. Now that bans on social media platforms and firewall installation are being justified due to national interests and security concerns, it raises questions about the freedoms that are ensured in a democracy. Unfortunately, our rulers have no answers. In fact, PML-N leaders have defended the federal government’s decision to install the firewall, citing the non-implementation of laws and regulations regarding social media due to a lack of relevant technical resources, and the capacity of authorities and state institutions. Digital rights activists and civil society have pointed out how the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) is not disclosing information to anyone when asked about internet disruptions in the country. X (formerly Twitter) has officially been banned, social media platforms and apps are being throttled due to the firewall testing, while the Punjab government’s defamation bill is as bad, if not more, than the Peca law.
The ramifications of these developments extend beyond the immediate technical impacts on internet speed. They strike at the heart of fundamental rights and freedoms. The internet has been a transformative force in Pakistan, enabling economic growth, fostering innovation, and providing a platform for diverse voices and perspectives. Any effort to control and filter online content must be scrutinized for its potential to undermine these gains. As Pakistan navigates the complexities of digital governance, transparency, accountability, and respect for fundamental rights must guide its policies. The government must engage in an open dialogue with stakeholders, including civil society, businesses, and the public, to address legitimate concerns about online misinformation while upholding the principles of free and open internet, ensuring that measures intended to enhance security do not become tools for unwarranted control and censorship. The digital future of Pakistan depends on maintaining a delicate balance between security and freedom – a balance that must be vigilantly safeguarded.